{"id":154,"date":"2024-05-15T04:35:18","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T04:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/?p=154"},"modified":"2024-05-15T10:30:04","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T10:30:04","slug":"the-double-edged-sword-the-impact-of-russian-rule-on-abkhazia-1801-1917","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/the-double-edged-sword-the-impact-of-russian-rule-on-abkhazia-1801-1917\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10dd\u10e0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8: \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4 (1801-1917 \u10ec\u10ec.)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u10db\u10d4-19 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. 1801-1810 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8 (1806-1812) \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. 1810 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4-\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e3\u10f0\u10e3\u10db-\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 (\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d8 (\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8). \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7.<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10f0\u10e3\u10db-\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d6\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e8\u10d0\u10e4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10d0\u10d7\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. 1829-1842 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da-\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 1864 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10d4\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 (\u10e9\u10d0\u10e9\u10d1\u10d0) \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd 1866 \u10d3\u10d0 1877 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10db\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10f0\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 1866-1878 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 601 TP3T-\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd, \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. 1897 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 60-651 TP3 \u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 (\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8), \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 1911 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d8\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7, \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u201e\u10da\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10da \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u201c \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4-19 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1. 1870 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1. \u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4-\u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10df\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. 1905 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 1907 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d0\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u201e\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8\u201c, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4-19 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2. \u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 19th century witnessed a dramatic shift in Abkhazia&#8217;s destiny with the arrival of the Russian Empire. Between 1801 and 1810, Russia&#8217;s annexation of major Georgian kingdoms like Kartli-Kakheti and Imereti paved the way for their southward expansion into the Caucasus. The Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812) proved to be a turning point. In 1810, Russian forces [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":13,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-abkhazia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=154"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}