{"id":187,"date":"2024-01-10T05:23:29","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T05:23:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/?p=187"},"modified":"2024-05-15T10:31:38","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T10:31:38","slug":"the-autonomous-republic-of-abkhazia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/the-autonomous-republic-of-abkhazia\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd-\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0: \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7 - \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e3 - \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd-\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 - \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3. \u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 8,6 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5.\u10d9\u10db-\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 5 \u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10da\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc: \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d2\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0, \u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8: \u10d1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8, \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>1989 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 537 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 121 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u2013 471 TP3T \u2013 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d8\u10e5 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 (4%) \u2013 \u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10e1\u10e0\u10d9-\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7. (153)<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3. \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 74%, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1. \u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d7\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0.\u10e8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. III \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 II-I \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<br \/>\n\u10d6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/p>\n<p>\u201e\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 VIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0: \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 - \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 - \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 - \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 XI-XIV \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>I \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 I \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e4\u10e8\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd. \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8, VII \u10e1-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc - \u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e8\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0. VIII \u10e1-\u10d8\u10e1 30-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc II-\u10d8\u10e1 (VIII \u10e1-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8). .), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea &quot;\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd&quot; \u10e3\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d8\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4: \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. XII \u10e1-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. (152)<\/p>\n<p>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. XVII \u10e1-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8. \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10da\u10d8 - \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4; \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d6\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. XVIII \u10e1-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8. (150)<\/p>\n<p>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 - \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10eb\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d9\u10d8 XVIII \u10e1-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0-\u10db\u10d3. \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10da \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10ea\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc \u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10f0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc (\u10ef\u10d8\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d6\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8, \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd, \u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0-\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e3). ), \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>XVIII \u10e1-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10da\u10d8. \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10db, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u201e\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8.<br \/>\n\u10d6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/p>\n<p>XVIII \u10e1-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 1805 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1. 1810 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10ea, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10ec\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd \u2013 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 1864 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0; \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10da\u10e5\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u2013 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10d2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, 1918 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d2\u10e3\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1. 1918 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 8 \u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/p>\n<p>\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. 1919 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0: \u201e\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>1918 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd. 19 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4-8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ed\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d6\u10d8\u10e4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da \u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 1921 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0. 21 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1. , \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1. 1921 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 19 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e1\u10e0-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0. \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea I \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 IV \u10e1. \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 (325 \u10ec.) \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8. \u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc VI \u10e1. IX \u10e1-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 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\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3, \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10f0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10db\u10d0 (\u10db\u10e3\u10f0\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8).<br \/>\n\u10d6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7<\/p>\n<p>\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd - \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10ef\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc - \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u201e\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u201c \u10f0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4; \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 47% \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 17%, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u2013 36%.<\/p>\n<p>1989 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1990 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 4 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d5.\u10d0\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10ef\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd (151). 1992 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 14 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10e5 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10f0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0. \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0: \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dd\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abkhazeti is a historical part of Georgia and is situated in the Northwest of the country. The present-day picture of the regional borders looks as follows: the northern borderline follows the top of the main Caucasian watershed range, the Black Sea makes its southern and South-West \u2013 the Psou-river \u2013 its North-West borders, for the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":188,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":17,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-abkhazia","category-soviet-empire"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=187"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/ge\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}